Republic of Uzbekistan
The capital - the city of Tashkent
State language - Uzbek

The population of Uzbekistan more than 26 million people. Now in Uzbekistan lives more1 than 130 nations and nationalities. The national structure of the population is those: Uzbeks - 72%, Russian - 8%, Tadjiks - 5%, Kazakhs - 4%, Tatars - 2%, Karakalpaks - 2%, Kirghizes, Turkmens, Koreans, Uigurs, Jews, Armenians, Ukrainian and others. Into structure of Republic enters: Autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan, 12 viloyats (provinces).

The Republic of Uzbekistan takes extensive spaces in the middle of the Central Asia, basically, in territory between two rivers - Amu Darya and Syr Darya. Its border upon five countries: Kirghizia - in the northeast, Kazakhstan - in the northwest, Tajikistan - in the southeast, Turkmenistan - in the southwest and in the south on a small piece - Afghanistan.
The state territory of Uzbekistan makes 447,400 square km. Mountains and foothills make approximately 1/5 territories of Republic.
Uzbekistan is located in the big distance from oceans and other natural reservoirs. Therefore the climate here hot, the driest, sharply continental, that is expressed in strong contrasts of day time and night, summer and winter temperatures.

The largest rivers crossing territory of Republic - Amu Darya and Syr Darya originate outside of its limits. Lakes are small, insignificant and widespread to territories of Uzbekistan non-uniformly, the largest - Aral sea.
Uzbekistan - the country of ancient culture and architecture. Architects of the East amazed with magnificence and beauty of the creations, travellers and the traders followed on the Great Silk Way. As Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva by the right name such cities pearls of the east. In the territory of Republic it is totaled over four thousand historical monuments.

Uzbekistan - solar republic. The climate is sharply continental. It is expressed in sharp amplitudes of day and night times, summer and winter temperatures. The nature droughty, atmospheric precipitation drops out a little, relative humidity of air is low. Day length makes approximately 15 hours in summer, in winter - not less than nine.

The coldest month - January when the temperature in the north falls up to 8 degrees of a frost and below, and in the extreme south, in area of the city of Termez, its happens plus. An absolute minimum of winter temperatures is 35-38 degrees below zero.
The hottest month - July, and in mountain areas - July-August. The average temperature during this period on plains and foothills makes 25-30 degrees of heat, and in the south (Termez and Sherobad) it reaches 41-42 degrees. The maximal temperature of air has been registered in the city of Termez - 50 degrees (July, 1944).

On a greater part of territory the annual quantity of deposits does not exceed 200-300 millimeters. In territory of republic it is not enough lakes, largest of them - Aral as it borrows enough greater area, it began to name the sea. For last 30 years the level of Aral sea has gone down on 12-14 meters, coast send away on tens kilometers. Its water mirror has decreased five times.

Uzbekistan, together with the states of the Central Asia and at support of the international community, undertakes emergency measures on at reduction negative consequences of this ecological accident.
The Republic of Uzbekistan is located between two rivers of Amu Darya and Syr Darya. Extent of territory of republic from the west to the east - 1425 km, from the north to the south - 930 km.

The most northern point of Uzbekistan - a plateau Ustyurt, at the western coast of Aral sea (45о36' northern breadth), the most southern point in the Surkhan-Darya area, at city of Termez (37о11' northern breadth), western - on Устюртском a plateau (56о east longitude), east point - in Fergana valley, on border with Kyrgyzstan.
The republic in northeast borders on Kazakhstan, in the east and a southeast - with Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, in the West - with Turkmenistan, in the south - with Afghanistan. The general extent of frontiers is 6221 km. From them: with Kazakhstan - 2203 km, with Kyrgyzstan - 1099, with Tajikistan - 1161, with Turkmenistan - 1621 and with Afghanistan - 137 km.

The territory of Uzbekistan represents an original combination of a flat and mountain relief. Plains are located in a southwest and northwest and consist of the plateau Ustyurt, the deltas of Amu Darya and Kyzyl Kum desert. In the central and southwest part of this desert there are large enough mountain heights. Mountains and foothills taking about third of territory of republic, are in the east and a southeast where are closed with powerful mountain formations of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The maximum point of mountains of republic - 4643 meters.

Between mountains a valleys and plains are located. The largest is Fergana valley. It reaches more than 370 km. Its width reaches 190 km. From three sides the valley is surrounded by mountains and only from the West is opened .
For an environment of republic high seismicity is characteristic, the facts are known, when tremors reached eight-nine points. The one of most destructive earthquakes happened on April, 26th, 1966 in Tashkent. The largest rivers as in Uzbekistan as and in all Central Asia is Amu Darya and Syr-Darya. The general length of Amu Darya makes 1437 km, Syr-Darya - 2137 km.